Higher interest rates reduce demand
The Federal Reserve controls the federal funds rate, which is often referred to as the target rate. It is also the rate banks use for providing overnight loans to each other. Banks borrow money to be able to deliver loans to consumers and businesses. Therefore, when the Fed hikes rates, it raises the cost of borrowing for banks that need money to lend to others or meet their regulatory requirements. Of course, banks pass these higher costs on to consumers and businesses. If the Fed raises the interest rate by 25 basis points or 0.25%, consumers and businesses will also have to pay more to borrow money.
Lower demand reduces inflation
Since raising rates lowers demand and puts the brakes on the economy, that’s exactly what slows down inflation. Usually, the prices of goods and services rise when the demand for them increases, fuelling inflation. However, as borrowing becomes more expensive, the demand for goods and services decrease throughout the economy.
Prices may not necessarily decrease and return to their old rates after raising rates, but at least their inflationary rate will decrease. The Fed follows this cycle to control inflation. Inflation rises strongly, so the US central bank hikes rates until the demand for goods and services decreases, and thus prices calm down, and so does inflation